Abstract
The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein family is important in the export of toxins and other substrates, but detailed information on this family in the Brassicaceae has not yet been reported compared to Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we identified 57, 124, 81, 85, 130, and 79 MATE genes in A. thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and Brassica nigra, respectively, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes owing to both tandem and segmental duplication events. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes could be classified into four subgroups, shared high similarity and conservation within each group, and have evolved mainly through purifying selection. Furthermore, numerous B. napus MATE genes showed differential expression between tissues and developmental stages and between plants treated with heavy metals or hormones and untreated control plants. This differential expression was especially pronounced for the Group 2 and 3 BnaMATE genes, indicating that they may play important roles in stress tolerance and hormone induction. Our results provide a valuable foundation for the functional dissection of the different BnaMATE homologs in B. napus and its parental lines, as well as for the breeding of more stress-tolerant B. napus genotypes.
Highlights
In nature, plants are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous toxins during their lifespans, and they have developed a series of adaptive response mechanisms to dispose of and detoxify toxic compounds [1]
Using 57 AtMATE protein sequences as queries, we identified 499 putative multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) genes from various Brassicaceae species, including 124 BnaMATE, 85 BraMATE, 81 BolMATE, 79 BniMATE, and BjuMATE genes
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) is a present categorized multidrug efflux transporter family in almost all prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which is a large family of secondary active transporters in all kingdoms of life [4,22]
Summary
Plants are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous toxins during their lifespans, and they have developed a series of adaptive response mechanisms to dispose of and detoxify toxic compounds [1]. A group of secondary transporters first reported in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli [2,3], the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion or multi-antimicrobial extrusion)/DTX (detoxification efflux carrier) family, is a universal family of proteins involved in the metabolism of toxic compounds and organic acids. Numerous studies indicate that MATE family proteins play widespread roles in various biological processes in plants, such as secondary metabolite transport [5,6,7,8,9,10], disease resistance [11,12], Plants 2020, 9, 1072; doi:10.3390/plants9091072 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants. Numerous studies have characterized MATE genes from a wide range of living organisms, showing that they have even greater diversity in plant genomes than in mammalian genomes [19]. 67 MATE genes were identified in the C. sinensis genome [25]
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