Abstract
Annotation with widely used, well-structured ontologies, combined with the use of ontology-aware software tools, ensures data and analyses are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). Standardized terms with synonyms support lexical search. Ontology structure supports biologically meaningful grouping of annotations (typically by location and type). However, there are significant barriers to the adoption and use of ontologies by researchers and resource developers. One barrier is complexity. Ontologies serving diverse communities are often more complex than needed for individual applications. It is common for atlases to attempt their own simplifications by manually constructing hierarchies of terms linked to ontologies, but these typically include relationship types that are not suitable for grouping annotations. Here, we present a suite of tools for validating user hierarchies against ontology structure, using them to generate graphical reports for discussion and ontology views tailored to the needs of the HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas, and the Human Developmental Cell Atlas. In both cases, validation is a source of corrections and content for both ontologies and user hierarchies.
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