Abstract
A hybrid power system uses many wind turbine generators (WTG) and solar photovoltaics (PV) in isolated small areas. However, the output power of these renewable sources is not constant and can diverge quickly, which has a serious effect on system frequency and the continuity of demand supply. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a new frequency control scheme for a hybrid power system to ensure supplying a high-quality power in isolated areas. The proposed power system consists of a WTG, PV, aqua-electrolyzer (AE), fuel cell (FC), battery energy storage system (BESS), flywheel (FW) and diesel engine generator (DEG). Furthermore, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs) are implemented at the customer side. A full-order observer is utilized to estimate the supply error. Then, the estimated supply error is considered in a frequency domain. The high-frequency component is reduced by BESS and FW; while the low-frequency component of supply error is mitigated using FC, EV and DEG. Two PI controllers are implemented in the proposed system to control the system frequency and reduce the supply error. The epsilon multi-objective genetic algorithm ( ε -MOGA) is applied to optimize the controllers’ parameters. The performance of the proposed control scheme is compared with that of recent well-established techniques, such as a PID controller tuned by the quasi-oppositional harmony search algorithm (QOHSA). The effectiveness and robustness of the hybrid power system are investigated under various operating conditions.
Highlights
In most remote and isolated areas, electric power is often supplied by diesel generators
Controllers and control approach discussed in the proceeding section, time domain simulated responses of the proposed hybrid power system under various operating conditions are considered for 1200-s intervals
The performance of the proposed control control approach is compared with the recent well-implemented proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control approach optimized with quasi-oppositional harmony search algorithm (QOHSA) presented in [20] under different combinations of power generation and energy storage subsystems to investigate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme
Summary
In most remote and isolated areas, electric power is often supplied by diesel generators. Diesel is expensive because transportation to remote areas adds extra cost Due to these environmental and economic influences of the diesel generator, interest in alternative cost-effective, sustainable and clean energy sources has grown significantly. Hybrid power systems, especially in isolated systems with renewable energy sources, such as wind turbine generators (WTG) and photovoltaic (PV), face some stability problems because the power supplied by these sources is not constant, diverges quickly and cannot be predicted [3]. These oscillations in the renewable power sources can Energies 2017, 10, 80; doi:10.3390/en10010080 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies
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