Abstract

AbstractMicrogrids are a smaller form of main utility grid considering diverse energy sources and loads. This paper focuses on the automatic load frequency control (ALFC) of an islanded microgrid which consists of solar photovoltaic (SPV), wind turbine generator (WTG), aqua electrolyzer (AE), fuel cell (FC), diesel engine generator (DEG), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Storage elements such as flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and battery energy storage system (BESS) are also included. Proportional integral (PI) and proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are connected in a feedback loop to ensure the stability of a microgrid system. A novel optimization technique, social group optimization (SGO), is used to optimize the controller parameters. MATLAB/Simulink results show that PID controller is showing better frequency deviation characteristics than PI controllers, and also frequency response shows that system considering storage elements is giving better frequency characteristics.KeywordsAutomatic load frequency control (ALFC)Social group optimization technique (SGO)Proportional integral derivative (PID)Islanded microgrid

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