Abstract
Frequency and voltage deviation are important standards for measuring energy indicators. It is important for microgrids to maintain the stability of voltage and frequency (VF). Aiming at the VF regulation of microgrid caused by wind disturbance and load fluctuation, a comprehensive VF control strategy for an islanded microgrid with electric vehicles (EVs) based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is proposed in this paper. First of all, the SOC constraints of EVs are added to construct a cluster-EV charging model, by considering the randomness of users’ travel demand and charging behavior. In addition, a four-quadrant two-way charger capacity model is introduced to build a microgrid VF control model including load, micro gas turbine (MT), EVs, and their random power increment constraints. Secondly, according to the two control goals of microgrid frequency and voltage, the structure of DDPG controller is designed. Then, the definition of space, the design of global and local reward functions, and the selection of optimal hyperparameters are completed. Finally, different scenarios are set up in an islanded microgrid with EVs, and the simulation results are compared with traditional PI control and R(λ) control. The simulation results show that the proposed DDPG controller can quickly and efficiently suppress the VF fluctuations caused by wind disturbance and load fluctuations at the same time.
Highlights
Microgrid refers to a small power generation and distribution system that is composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices, related loads, monitoring, and protection devices
In [7], a new scheme for the online minimization of harmonic distortion of an islanded microgrid based on a population-based optimization method is proposed, presenting a new central controller to optimize network voltage harmonics according to particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, while active power is shared between distributed generation units
In [12], a microgrid including micro gas turbine (MT), electric vehicles (EVs), distributed power, and loads is established, and an improved robust model predictive frequency control strategy of microgrids with EVs is proposed, which can better suppress the frequency fluctuation with a faster response speed than other methods, but the random output power boundary is not refined from the perspective of cluster EVs
Summary
Microgrid refers to a small power generation and distribution system that is composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices, related loads, monitoring, and protection devices. In [7], a new scheme for the online minimization of harmonic distortion of an islanded microgrid based on a population-based optimization method is proposed, presenting a new central controller to optimize network voltage harmonics according to particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, while active power is shared between distributed generation units. In [12], a microgrid including micro gas turbine (MT), EVs, distributed power, and loads is established, and an improved robust model predictive frequency control strategy of microgrids with EVs is proposed, which can better suppress the frequency fluctuation with a faster response speed than other methods, but the random output power boundary is not refined from the perspective of cluster EVs. In addition, none of the above references considers the reactive power regulation effect of EVs on voltage stability.
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