Abstract
With the development of information technology, Internet-of-Things (IoT) and low-altitude remote-sensing technology represented by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in environmental monitoring fields. In agricultural modernization, IoT and UAV can monitor the incidence of crop diseases and pests from the ground micro and air macro perspectives, respectively. IoT technology can collect real-time weather parameters of the crop growth by means of numerous inexpensive sensor nodes. While depending on spectral camera technology, UAVs can capture the images of farmland, and these images can be utilize for analyzing the occurrence of pests and diseases of crops. In this work, we attempt to design an agriculture framework for providing profound insights into the specific relationship between the occurrence of pests/diseases and weather parameters. Firstly, considering that most farms are usually located in remote areas and far away from infrastructure, making it hard to deploy agricultural IoT devices due to limited energy supplement, a sun tracker device is designed to adjust the angle automatically between the solar panel and the sunlight for improving the energy-harvesting rate. Secondly, for resolving the problem of short flight time of UAV, a flight mode is introduced to ensure the maximum utilization of wind force and prolong the fight time. Thirdly, the images captured by UAV are transmitted to the cloud data center for analyzing the degree of damage of pests and diseases based on spectrum analysis technology. Finally, the agriculture framework is deployed in the Yangtze River Zone of China and the results demonstrate that wheat is susceptible to disease when the temperature is between 14 °C and 16 °C, and high rainfall decreases the spread of wheat powdery mildew.
Highlights
Due to population growth and social development, world food demand is expected to double by 2050 [1], but it is currently challenging to increase food production because of falling water levels, climate change, arable land reduction, and pests and diseases [2]
The occurrence of plant diseases and pests is closely related to many weather paraments [46], such as the pests of crop surviving in some unusual weather conditions
If crops are infected by pests and diseases, their coverage, biomass, Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf cell structure, nitrogen, moisture, pigment content, and appearance will change, which leads to changes in the reflectance spectrum of the visible to thermal infrared spectrum
Summary
Due to population growth and social development, world food demand is expected to double by 2050 [1], but it is currently challenging to increase food production because of falling water levels, climate change, arable land reduction, and pests and diseases [2]. The remote-sensing technology with low-altitude (e.g., drones) has the characteristics of high flexibility and image definition [8], which can meet the requirements of pest and disease monitoring for crops. For a drone, due to limited carrying weight and battery capacity in a remote large-scale farm, it faces the problems containing short flight time and frequent battery replacement [12]. Nowadays, these characteristics affect the promotion and application of drones in the modern agricultural field. An automatic rotary-device based on angle perception of sun illumination is designed for ensuring the solar panel is always perpendicular to sunlight and improving the energy-harvesting rate from solar power.
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