A Fractional-Order Eco-Epidemiological Leslie–Gower Model with Double Allee Effect and Disease in Predator

Abstract

In this paper, a fractional order of a modified Leslie–Gower predator-prey model with disease and the double Allee effect in predator population is proposed. Then, we analyze the important mathematical features of the proposed model such as the existence and uniqueness as well as the non-negativity and boundedness of solutions to the fractional-order system. Moreover, the local and global asymptotic stability conditions of all possible equilibrium points are investigated using Matignon’s condition and by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, respectively. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results. We show numerically the occurrence of two limit cycles simultaneously driven by the order of the derivative, the bistability phenomenon for both the weak and strong Allee effect cases, and more dynamic behaviors such as the forward, backward, and saddle-node bifurcations which are driven by the transmission rate. We have found that the risk of extinction for the predator with a strong Allee effect is much higher when the spread of disease is relatively high.