Abstract
The development of a mutliaxial test cell is described. The device utilizes fluid cushions to apply a three-dimensional state of compressive stresses to a 4-in. specimen of rock materials and determines the state of deformation by means of proximity detection devices mounted exterior to the specimen. The completely flexible cushions transmit uniform boundary loadings to the surface of the specimen and allows it to develop unrestrained deformations. Thus, if the cube can be considered as a macro-element of material, the load-deformation charateristics observed are the true material properties without reflecting boundary constraints. This concept was verified in the test cell by loading a dummy specimen with an embedded polariscope including a photo-elastic sensor sheet. The uniformity of loading generated in the interior of this specimen, as determined by the photoelastic fringe patterns, demonstrated very homogeneous boundary loadings. The cell was used in testing of coal materials which has anistropic mechanical properties. The lack of boundary constraints makes the cell especially advantageous in testing obliquely orientated specimens which undergo both linear and distortional deformations.
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