Abstract
Thermal-resistance temperature sensors generally employ temperature-sensitive materials as active layers, which are always deposited on a flexible substrate to improve flexibility. Such a temperature sensor is usually integrated in wearable devices with other sensors, such as pressure sensors and stretchable sensors. In prior works, the temperature and pressure sensors are usually located in different layers in a multifunction sensor, which results in a complicated fabrication process, as well as a large thickness of devices. Meanwhile, many temperature sensors are based on large areas of non-transparent materials, leading to difficulties in integrating display applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a flexible temperature sensor based on polyaniline/graphene (GPANI)–polyvinyl butyral (PVB) thin film and indium tin oxides (ITO)- polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The GPANI particles embedded in PVB film not only contribute to temperature detection, but also response to external pressures, due to weak deformations. In addition, the thin composite film (2.7 μm) highly improved the transparency. By optimizing the device structure, the sensor integrates temperature and pressure detection into one single layer, which shows a wide temperature range of 25–80 °C, a pressure range of 0–30 kPa, and a high transparency (>80%). The temperature sensor offers great potential for applications in emerging wearable devices and electronic skins.
Highlights
Various studies on wearable devices and electronic skins based on pressure sensors and stretchable sensors have been carried out
To get a facile fabrication and high transparency, in this paper, we proposed a temperature sensor based on Sensors 2019, 19, 4105 polyaniline/graphene (GPANI)–polyvinyl butyral (PVB) composite film, and optimized the sensor’s structure
In this paper, we proposed a temperature sensor get a facile based on polyaniline/graphene (GPANI)–polyvinyl butyral (PVB) composite and optimized
Summary
Various studies on wearable devices and electronic skins based on pressure sensors and stretchable sensors have been carried out. There are many kinds of temperature sensors, such as thermal-couple sensors [1], infrared temperature sensors [2], optic fiber temperature sensors [3], thermal-resistance temperature sensors [4,5], and some sensors based on thermal response field-effect transistors [6,7]. The infrared and optic fiber sensors are usually for non-contact temperature detection. The thermal-couple type, thermal-resistance type, and transistor-based type are the appropriate candidates for electronic skins, because they can detect contact temperature. A thermal-resistance temperature sensor is generally based on temperature-sensitive materials, such as metals [8], semiconductors [9], and polymers [10,11,12,13]. Compared with metal and semiconductors, a polymer with conductive temperature-sensitive materials shows greater flexibility for a low Young’s Modulus
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