Abstract

The vanadium redox flow battery system is an emerging energy storage technology, which has many advantages in application, such as high efficiency, long life, high power, and high safety. The latest literature indicates that hydrogen/vanadium redox flow batteries (HVRFBs) have better energy density and efficiency than the vanadium redox flow battery. In addition, the hydrogen concentration, electrical conductivity, voltage, current, temperature, electrolyte flow, and runner pressure inside the HVRFBs will influence their performance and life. Therefore, this study used micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible 7-in-1 microsensor, which is embedded in HVRFBs for real-time microscopic measurements to optimize the operating conditions and enhance performance and safety.

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