Abstract
A new low-profile flexible RFID tag antenna operating in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) European band (865 MHz–868 MHz) is proposed for blood bag traceability. Its structure combines inductive and capacitive parts with nested slots allowing for the achieving of conjugate impedance matching with the IC-chip. The whole electrical parameters of the environment (substrate, bag, and blood) were considered for the design of the tag antenna. A good agreement was obtained between the measurements and electromagnetic simulations for the input impedance of the tag antenna in the UHF band. A reading range close to 2.5 m was experimentally obtained. Therefore, this tag antenna could be effective and useful in future RFID systems for blood bag monitoring, thus improving patient safety in healthcare infrastructures.
Highlights
Automatic identification of objects using radio waves can be carried out using technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID)
The proposed flexible ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tag antenna (Figure 1) was fabricated with the dimensions included in Table 1 using a laser prototyping system (LPKF Protolaser S) and characterized from a vector network analyzer (Rhode & Schwarz ZVB 20)
The UHF RFID tag antenna input impedance was measured by means of a portextension technique as in [17,39]
Summary
Automatic identification of objects using radio waves can be carried out using technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID). This technology is becoming more and more popular in everyday life. It has been extensively used in many practical applications in Internet of Things (IoT) and has become essential for a set of applications including identification, localization, tracking, sensing, inventory control, and supply chain management [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The use of RFID technology offers many benefits to the health system, especially with present-day staff shortages, and can enhance patient safety. Possible applications include tracking of physiological parameters such as patient body temperature [9,10,11,12], blood glucose monitoring [13,14], real-time monitoring, and discrimination of breath anomalies [15], as well as monitoring of blood tubes [16,17] and bags [18,19,20,21,22,23,24] for the management of blood products [25,26,27]
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