A Five Year Retrospective Study of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (Opmds) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and their Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is generally converted from precancerous conditions. The conversion rates are mainly linked to various addiction habits and sometimes to sociodemographic profile of patients. The clinical spectrum of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) varies between geographical districts or from place to place within the same country. The prevalence of this particular malignancy may be reduced by prompt diagnostic and therapeutic action. Aims and Objectives: We focused on the data associated with histo-pathological types of lesion in relation to certain sociodemographic profile and addiction habits in the targeted population. Materials and Methods: We performed 5 years retrospective cross-sectional study from January 2013 to December 2017 in the oral pathology department in systematic manner. Data were collected and compiled in Microsoft Excel and were analyzed through SPSS software. Chi-square, Student’s t-test, and Pearson’s correlation tests were used to determine the significance of study parameters between groups. Results: Our study suggests a more common relationship of lichen planus with gutkha, pan, and mixed habit; leukoplakia with bidi smoking and mixed habit; verrucous leukoplakia with bidi and cigarette smoking and gutkha chewing; oral submucous fibrosis with pan and gutkha; mild and moderate dysplasia with bidi and alcohol consumption; well-differentiated OSCC and moderately differentiated OSCC with tobacco intake and/or alcohol and poorly differentiated OSCC with alcohol, pan, and bidi. Conclusion: OPMDs and OSCC are more associated with various addiction habits. Cessation of these habits along with early intervention may reduce the burden of disease.