Abstract
Objective:To compare the salivary MMP – 9 concentration among subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), tobacco users, and control groups. Materials and methods:A total of 88 subjects were enrolled and divided into four study groups viz., OSCC (n=24), OPMD (n=20), tobacco habits (n=22), and healthy controls (n=22). All subjects gave unstimulated saliva samples for the evaluation MMP – 9 by ELISA kit. Demographic information like age, gender, type of tobacco, and duration of the habit were recorded. Results:Subjects with OSCC and OPMD had significantly higher mean MMP-9 levels than subjects with tobacco habits and control groups (P<0.001). Also, poorly differentiated OSCC group had significantly higher mean saliva MMP-9 than moderate and well-differentiated OSCC. The optimal cut-off point was 214.37 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 59% for OSCC versus the control group. The optimal cut-off point was as 205.87 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 54% for OPMD versus the control group. Conclusion:The data obtained from this study indicated that OSCC and OPMD had an increased level of salivary MMP-9. Salivary MMP-9 could be a useful, non-invasive adjunct technique in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of OSCC and OPMD.
Highlights
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world, with a high incidence and a low survival rate of 50-60% in developing countries. (Warnakulasuriya, 2009; Seki et al, 2011; Ghallab and Shaker, 2017) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often diagnosed late with metastatic changes at the initial screening due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages. (Hamada et al, 2012) The delay in identification occurs due to a lack of early detection tools for potentially malignant and OSCC lesions
The data obtained from this study indicated that OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) had an increased level of salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
Conditions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), palatal lesion of reverse cigar smoking, and oral lichen planus are considered as OPMD (Soares et al, 2018)
Summary
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world, with a high incidence and a low survival rate of 50-60% in developing countries. (Warnakulasuriya, 2009; Seki et al, 2011; Ghallab and Shaker, 2017) OSCC is often diagnosed late with metastatic changes at the initial screening due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages. (Hamada et al, 2012) The delay in identification occurs due to a lack of early detection tools for potentially malignant and OSCC lesions. (Hamada et al, 2012) The delay in identification occurs due to a lack of early detection tools for potentially malignant and OSCC lesions. Choosing an accurate site for biopsy can be challenging because of the irregular appearance of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and OSCC. “WHO defines OPMD as clinical presentations that carry a risk of cancer development in the oral cavity, whether in a clinically definable precursor lesion or in clinically normal oral mucosa”. Conditions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), palatal lesion of reverse cigar smoking, and oral lichen planus are considered as OPMD (Soares et al, 2018). A wide array of diagnostic markers are explored in the past as an alternative to conventional invasive methods (drawing blood or biopsy). Salivary biomarkers offer a promising diagnostic adjunct due to its simple non-invasive collection method
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