Abstract
ECOtality was awarded a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to lead a large-scale electric vehicle charging infrastructure demonstration, called The EV Project. ECOtality has partnered with Nissan North America, General Motors, the Idaho National Laboratory, and others to deploy and collect data from over 5,000 Nissan LEAFsTM and Chevrolet Volts and over 10,000 charging systems in 18 regions across the United States. This paper summarizes usage of residential charging units in The EV Project, based on data collected through the end of 2011. This information is provided to help analysts assess the impact on the electric grid of early adopter charging of grid-connected electric drive vehicles. A method of data aggregation was developed to summarize charging unit usage by the means of two metrics: charging availability and charging demand. Charging availability is plotted to show the percentage of charging units connected to a vehicle over time. Charging demand is plotted to show charging demand on the electric gird over time. Charging availability for residential charging units is similar in each EV Project region. It is low during the day, steadily increases in evening, and remains high at night. Charging demand, however, varies by region. Two EV Project regions were examined to identify regional differences. In Nashville, where EV Project participants do not have time-of-use electricity rates, demand increases each evening as charging availability increases, starting at about 16:00. Demand peaks in the 20:00 hour on weekdays. In San Francisco, where the majority of EV Project participants have the option of choosing a time-of-use rate plan from their electric utility, demand spikes at 00:00. This coincides with the beginning of the off-peak electricity rate period. Demand peaks at 01:00.
Highlights
Concerns with global climate change, United States reliance on foreign oil, increasing global demand for petroleum-based fuels, and increasing gas prices are changing consumer preferences and industry direction toward more fuel-efficient and alternative energy vehicles
The purpose of this paper is to summarize early EV Project residential electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) usage and demand on the electric grid, based on data collected through the end of 2011
This paper summarizes early usage of EV Project residential EVSE in households with Nissan LEAFs, based on data collected during Q4 2011 from 2,704 EVSE
Summary
Concerns with global climate change, United States reliance on foreign oil, increasing global demand for petroleum-based fuels, and increasing gas prices are changing consumer preferences and industry direction toward more fuel-efficient and alternative energy vehicles. Nissan and General Motors have successfully introduced a new generation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). EVS26 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium. Several other automotive manufacturers plan to launch PEVs in 2012. This illustrates a shift to cleaner and more efficient electric drive systems. These vehicles, which include plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, extended range electric vehicles, and battery electric vehicles draw some or all of their motive power from onboard batteries, which are charged from the electric grid. In order for PEVs to be commercialized, electric charging infrastructure must be deployed. Electric utilities must be able to manage PEV charging demand on the electric grid
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