Abstract
Objective In this study, the mechanical properties of the new spinal fixation system (NSFS) in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures were evaluated by the finite element analysis method, so as to provide a mechanical theoretical basis for the later biomechanical experiments and clinical experiments. Methods T12-L2 bone model was constructed to simulate L1 vertebral fracture, and three models of internal fixation systems were established on the basis of universal spinal system (USS): Model A: posterior short-segment fixation including the fractured vertebra (PSFFV); Model B: short-segment pedicle screw fixation (SSPF); Model C: new spinal fixation system (NSFS). After assembling the internal fixation system and fracture model, the finite element analysis was carried out in the ANSYS Workbench 18.0 software, and the stress of nail rod system, fracture vertebral body stress, vertebral body mobility, and vertebral body displacement were recorded in the three models. Results The peak values of internal fixation stress, vertebral body stress, vertebral body maximum displacement, and vertebral body maximum activity in Model C were slightly smaller than those in Model B. Conclusions Compared with the traditional internal fixation system, the new spinal internal fixation system may have the mechanical advantage and can provide sufficient mechanical stability for thoracolumbar fractures.
Highlights
Spinal fractures account for 5%-6% of systemic fractures, and thoracolumbar fractures are the most common [1, 2]
The occurrence of burst fractures is due to axial compression and damage to the anterior and middle columns, which may lead to instability and spinal cord injury
Stress distribution is more scattered, the two screws added in the middle share part of the stress, and the stress on the rod is evenly distributed on the whole (Figure 5)
Summary
Spinal fractures account for 5%-6% of systemic fractures, and thoracolumbar fractures are the most common [1, 2]. Pedicle screw-rod system internal fixation is the most commonly used surgical method for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, including fracture reduction, correction of kyphosis, relief of nerve compression, and reconstruction of spinal stability. It can achieve fracture reduction, correct kyphosis, relieve nerve compression, and reconstruct spine stability [6,7,8]. The reduction mechanism of the pedicle screw-rod system is to restore the height of the fractured vertebral body through indirect traction, so as to correct kyphosis. The indirect reduction method cannot restore the height of fracture vertebral body and kyphotic deformity to a limited extent and cannot fully anatomize the reduction. Kyphosis even worsened, and residual back pain or even failure of internal fixation occurred [9, 10]
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