Abstract
Gadolinium metal-organic frameworks (Gd-MOFs) and Eu-doped Gd-MOFs have been synthesized through a one-pot green approach using commercially available reagents. The 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2-BDC) and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2-NDC) were chosen as ditopic organic linkers to build the 3D structure of the network. The Gd-MOFs were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The Gd-MOF structures were attributed comparing the XRD patterns, supported by the FT-IR spectra, with data reported in the literature for Ln-MOFs of similar lanthanide ionic radius. FE-SEM characterization points to the effect of the duration of the synthesis to a more crystalline and organized structure, with grain dimensions increasing upon increasing reaction time. The total surface area of the MOFs has been determined from the application of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The study allowed us to correlate the processing conditions and ditopic linker dimension to the network surface area. Both Gd-MOF and Eu-doped Gd-MOF have been tested for sensing of the inorganic ions such as Fe3+ and Cr2O72−.
Highlights
Introductionmetal-organic frameworks (MOF) represent platforms for functional materials [14] and recently they have been found appealing for photovoltaic applications [15]
We report a one-pot approach under mild conditions of Gadolinium metal-organic frameworks (Gd-metal-organic frameworks (MOF)) networks and 20% Eu-doped Gd-MOF based on the ditopic 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2 -BDC + 6NaOH → [Gd2 (BDC)) or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2 -NDC + 6NaOH → [Gd2 (NDC)) linkers, yielding respectively the [Gd2 (BDC)3 (H2 O)4 ] and [Gd1.6 Eu0.4 (BDC)3 (H2 O)4 ], on Gd-BDC and Gd,EuBDC, and the [Gd2 (NDC)3 (H2 O)]·2(H2 O), Gd-NDC networks
The focus of this work is the development of a green, one-pot synthetic procedure for the preparation of Gd-MOFs and Gd,Eu-MOFs using the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid as ditopic ligands
Summary
MOFs represent platforms for functional materials [14] and recently they have been found appealing for photovoltaic applications [15] The advantages of these materials are the possibility of tuning their properties by altering the structure, e.g., by changing the metallic center, the organic linkers and the synthetic operating conditions such as duration, temperature and pressure. In regard to the linker, a variety of multitopic spacer have been applied and a plethora of MOF structures have been obtained [16]. These materials are composed of organic secondary subunits and/or metal containing ones. Among the most studied MOFs of transition metals, there are the MOF-5 and IRMOF-5, consisting of Zn4 O-cluster subunits with 1,4-benzendicarboxylic acid and Zn4 O-clusters with 2,6-naphthalendicarboxylic acid [17,18,19]
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