A facile development of rare earth neodymium nickelate nanoparticles for selective electrochemical determination of antipsychotic drug prochlorperazine

Abstract

In this study, the synthesis of neodymium nickelate (Nd2NiO4, NNO) nanoparticles with diverse temperatures were developed by the simple coprecipitation method. The successfully prepared NNO was characterized with various spectroscopic instruments. The surface morphology, size, shape, composition, crystallinity, functionality, bonding, and the presence of elements of the nanoparticles were analyzed by suitable characterization techniques. The electrochemical features were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry (EIS, CV, and DPV) methods. As results expected, the modified NNO-500/SPCE sensor displays low electron transfer resistance (Rct), high active surface area, and excellent electrocatalytic activity for the detection of prochlorperazine (PCP) rather than other electrodes. Under optimized electrochemical detections, the DPV study revealed a low limit of detection (LoD), and limit of quantification (LoQ) of 4 nM, and 14 nM with wide linearity of 0.025–1220 µM for PCP at the NNO-500 sensor. In addition, high selectivity, stability, precision, and satisfactory recoveries in biological samples for PCP detection. Thus, our study provides a simplistic but effective method for constructing perovskite-type materials with excellent electrochemical performance.