Abstract
A green approach for the metal-free synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones was developed using a radical tandem three-condensation domino Biginelli reaction of β-ketoesters, arylaldehydes, and urea/thiourea. Using acridine yellow G (AYG) as a photo-induced electron transfer (PET) photocatalyst using visible light as a sustainable energy source. The goal of this study is to increase the use of a nonmetal dye that is inexpensive and readily available. High yields, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness are all advantages of photochemically catalyzed AYG, as are significant atom economy, time-saving features, and ease of usage. As a result, a variety of chemical and environmental variables can be monitored throughout time. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones have been computed. Surprisingly, gram-scale cyclization is conceivable, implying that the technique could be applied in industry.
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