Abstract
A two-fluid Eulerian–Lagrangian coupled model is developed to investigate the complex interactions between solid particles and the ambient water during the process of submerged granular column collapse. In this model, the water phase is considered to be a Newtonian fluid, whereas the granular column is modeled as an elastic–perfectly plastic material. The water flow field is calculated by the mesh-based Eulerian Finite Volume Method (FVM), with the free surface captured by the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) technique. The large deformation of the granular material is simulated by the mesh-free, particle-based Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method (SPH). Information transfer between Eulerian nodes and Lagrangian particles is performed by the aid of the SPH interpolation function. Both dry and submerged granular column collapses are simulated with the proposed model. Experiments of the submerged cases are also conducted for comparison. Effects of dilatancy (compaction) of initially dense (loose) packing granular columns on the mixture dynamics are investigated to reveal the mechanisms of different flow regimes. Pore water pressure field and granular velocity field are in good agreement between our numerical results and experimental observations, which demonstrates the capability of the proposed Eulerian–Lagrangian coupled method in dealing with complex submerged water–granular mixture flows.
Highlights
Submerged granular column collapse is a typical water–grain interaction problem which serves as a model to investigate many underwater natural and hazardous processes, such as debris flows [1], landslides [2], submarine avalanches [3], etc
Ref. [6] derived a set of two-phase continuum equations for studying a compressible granular flow composed of homogenous solid particles and a Newtonian ambient fluid
In the two-fluid mixture model, the grains and the fluid are described as two continuum phases characterized by individual velocities, stresses and interaction through hydrodynamic forces
Summary
Submerged granular column collapse is a typical water–grain interaction problem which serves as a model to investigate many underwater natural and hazardous processes, such as debris flows [1], landslides [2], submarine avalanches [3], etc. [6] derived a set of two-phase continuum equations for studying a compressible granular flow composed of homogenous solid particles and a Newtonian ambient fluid. [9] investigated the effect of an ambient fluid on the dynamics of collapse and spread of a granular column by means of the contact dynamics method and computational fluid dynamics. A two-fluid SPH mixture model to analyze the water-soil interactions was proposed by the authors [12,13,14,15]. A Eulerian–Lagrangian coupled method for the simulation of underwater granular column collapse is presented. The proposed two-fluid mixture Eulerian–Lagrangian coupled model is applied to analyze the water–grain interactions during submerged granular column collapse.
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