Abstract
The prerequisite for the effective operation of vehicle collision warning system is that the necessary operation is not implemented. Therefore, the behavior prediction that the driver should perform when the preceding vehicle braking is the key to improve the effectiveness of the warning system. This study was conducted to acquire characteristics in the car-following behavior when confronted by the braking of the preceding vehicle, including the reaction time and operation behavior, and establish a behavior prediction model. A driving experiment on the expressway was conducted using devices, such as millimeter-wave radars and controller area network (CAN) bus data, to acquire 845 segments of car following when the brake lamps of the car ahead are on. Data analysis demonstrates that the mean of time distance of car following, mean of car-following distance, and time-to-collision (TTC) mean are closely related with whether or not the driver slowed the car down. The operation states of the driver were divided into keeping the unchanged state of the degree of accelerator pedal opening, loosening of accelerator pedal without braking, braking, and other special situations with the input variables of car-following distance, speed of driver’s car, relative speed, time distance, and TTC using the support vector machine (SVM) method to build a prediction model for the operation behavior of the driver. The verification result showed that the model predicts driving behavior with an accuracy rate of 80%. It reflects the actual decision-making process of the driver, especially the normal operation of the driver, to loosen the accelerator pedal without braking. This model can help to optimize the algorithm of the rear-end accident warning system and improve intelligent system acceptance.
Highlights
Rear-end accidents are the most common type of traffic accident
3 Results analysis To investigate the driving behavior characteristics in car following when the brake lamps of the car ahead were on, this study used TTC, car-following time distance, speed of the car, and relative speed to analyze the operation of the driver when the brake lamps of the car ahead were on
The operation behaviors of the driver were divided into two types, namely, slowing down and without slowing down
Summary
Rear-end accidents are the most common type of traffic accident. Statistical data for related accidents illustrate that the rear-end accident is the most frequent accident type among all accidents on the expressway, having a serious impact on traffic and usually ending in severe consequences [1]. The first situation is when carfollowing distance is so close that when the car ahead brakes, a rear-end accident may occur at a long braking distance even if the driver brakes in time. Rear-end collision alarm systems can monitor the moving state of the car ahead using radars or visual sensors and provide a warning when there is danger. Due to different driving styles of drivers during car following, too frequent alarms will cause a feeling of antipathy of some drivers [2]. These systems usually set the alarm time when the car is already in a comparatively dangerous state to reduce the distraction of the driver. A later warning time may increase the rate of accidents [3]
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