Abstract
An experimental investigation based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) was conducted to provide a better understanding into the effects of jet–cylinder separation distance on the vortical structures and dynamic behaviour resulting from jet impingements upon convex cylinders. Separation distances of 1, 2 and 4 jet diameters were investigated, while cylinder–jet diameter ratio was maintained at 2 throughout. LIF and DPIV results show that jet ring-vortex initiation, wall-separated vortex initiation, vortex dipole formation and vortex separation occur further away from the impingement point as the separation distance decreases. Varying the separation distance also influences the recirculating wake region size at the cylinder lee sides, as well as producing two distinct flow modes between adjacent vortex dipoles along the cylinder straight edges. Mean and instantaneous skin friction coefficient distributions determined from DPIV results not only showcase the different effects of separation distance on the wall shear stress, but also illustrate how the flow dynamics influence the local wall shear stress levels. On the other hand, wall-separated vortex initiation, vortex dipole formation and separation events incur little distinctive changes upon the local wall shear stress distributions that may ease their unique identification.
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