Abstract
The burgeoning demand for enhanced power-system safety means that there is increased attention on technologies for the detection and location of cable faults. The double-terminal fault location method, which senses a fault current using a current transformer (CT), is the most effective and widely applied method in industrial practice. However, CT sensors may suffer from magnetic saturation when exposed to a high fault current, resulting in significant location errors, and their sensitivity cannot be adjusted. To address this problem, this paper describes an improved method for the acquisition of fault signal and the identification of fault-wave arrival time in power cables. First, a novel noncontact sensor (NCS) is developed for the detection of electric fields, and its sensitivity-adjustment curves are obtained by theoretical calculation and simulation. Then, based on feedback variational mode decomposition (FVMD) and the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), an improved method (the FVMD + WVD method) for the identification of fault-wave arrival time is devised, and its efficacy and accuracy are verified by simulations in Power Systems Computer-Aided Design/Electromagnetic Transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) software. Finally, the fault-wave arrival-time detection performance of the NCS is examined in a series of on-site DC and AC experiments based on damped AC technology. The results show that the NCS exhibits feasible and effective performance, and that its response can be appropriately tuned based on its sensitivity-adjustment curves. The FVMD + WVD method is more accurate than several other current methods, as its error is only 0.48%, and thus this method enables the practical location of cable faults. In sum, these findings demonstrate that the NCS and the FVMD + WVD method comprise an improved system for the detection and location of cable faults, which will enhance cable safety in power systems.
Highlights
The development of the global economy is resulting in increased electricity consumption, which is leading to a burgeoning demand for highly reliable power cables
The results described show that the calibration equations and charts of the noncontact sensor (NCS) are suitably accurate for calibrating NCSs in DC experiments
A novel faultwave arrival-time identification method, the feedback variational mode decomposition (FVMD) + WVM method, is developed, and its utility and accuracy are verified by simulation
Summary
The development of the global economy is resulting in increased electricity consumption, which is leading to a burgeoning demand for highly reliable power cables. Effective methods must be developed to detect and locate power cable faults. The double-terminal method is an effective means of detecting cable faults and is widely used It is based on time synchronization, signal acquisition, and fault-wave arrival-time identification. A method that is a combination of feedback variational mode decomposition (FVMD) and the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), and capable of considering the time and frequency domains, is developed and used to identify the arrival times of the first fault waves. This method is simulated and estimated in Power Systems Computer-Aided Design/Electromagnetic Transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) software. The sensitivity adjustment curves of NCS are described by combining this expression for V12 with simulation information
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