Abstract
This paper introduces a distributed secondary control algorithm for automatic generation control (AGC) and automatic voltage control (AVC), which aims at matching area generation to area load and minimizing the total generation cost in an alternating current (AC) microgrids. Firstly, the control algorithm utilizes a continuous-time distributed algorithm to generate additional control variables to achieve frequency-voltage recovery for all distributed generators (DGs). Secondary, it solves the economic dispatch problem (EDP) by a distributed economic incremental algorithm in the secondary control level, which avoids the problem caused by communication speed inconsistency between secondary and tertiary control levels. This study also utilizes a fully distributed strategy based on secondary communication network to estimate the total load demand. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be used to realize a seamless handover from the islanded mode to the grid-connected mode, run under the condition of short time communication system out of action, and help to realize the plug and play function. Lastly, the stability of the proposed control algorithm is analyzed and proved, and the effectiveness of the method is verified in some case studies.
Highlights
A microgrid is a small power generation and distribution system, which consists of photovoltaic (PV) [1], wind power [2,3], and other green renewable resources such as fuel cells and hydroelectric generations
The automatic generation control (AGC)/automatic voltage control (AVC) obtains real-time measurement data through a communication network, displaying these data in the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, while in the layer is a real physical layer that consists of distributed generators (DGs), loads and local controllers (LCs)
Stage 2: When t > 20 s, DG2 reaches its maximum value of 10 KW, and there is no increase in its active power output
Summary
A microgrid is a small power generation and distribution system, which consists of photovoltaic (PV) [1], wind power [2,3], and other green renewable resources such as fuel cells and hydroelectric generations. The microgrid is designed to be an autonomous system that achieves control, protection, and management. It can be worked in three control modes: grid-connected mode, islanded mode, and synchronized mode [4,5]. When the microgrid is connected to the main-grid, it can be regarded as a component unit of the active distribution network, and it can be managed and controlled according to the idea of virtual power plant (VPP) [6]. While the microgrid is operating in the islanded mode, its primary control target is to maintain voltage-frequency stability and guarantee the power balance for the whole system.
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