Abstract
With the emergence of the concept of smart grid, the networked automatic generation control (AGC) method has been more and more important for secondary frequency control due to its characteristics such as openness and flexibility. However, the networked AGC system also presents some defects such as time delays and packet dropouts. The existence of time delays makes the traditional AGC strategies more challenging. A novel AGC method is proposed in this paper to mitigate the negative effects of time delays. Firstly, a multiarea power system model is built under the consideration of two-channel time delays: from controller to actuator and from sensor to controller. More practically, the difference of delays between areas is also exhibited in the model. Thus, from the predictive characteristics of model predictive control (MPC), a method of selection with optimization is presented to obtain the appropriate control variable when delays exist. Furthermore, three cases, (a) no processing for delay, (b) control sequence selection, (c) control sequence selection with optimization, are analyzed. The frequency and area control error (ACE) performance are evaluated with step load perturbation and random load perturbation. The simulation results indicate that the system controlled by the proposed method has desired dynamic performances. Consequently, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.
Highlights
Automatic generation control (AGC) is an important research field in power system operation and control to supply reliable electric power with good quality
As a fundamental characteristic of electric power operations, frequency of the system deviates from its nominal value due to load and resource variation. e main role of the AGC is to resist the frequency deviations of the power system to maintain the system frequency close to its scheduled value [1,2,3,4,5]
Each subpower system has its own AGC scheme in an energy management system. ese schemes are responsible for maintaining a nominal frequency and stabilizing fluctuant tie-line flows to scheduled value. erefore, a control strategy is required in each interconnected power system in order to maintain constancy of frequency and achieve zero steady state error of desired tie-line flows and to minimize area control error (ACE)
Summary
Automatic generation control (AGC) is an important research field in power system operation and control to supply reliable electric power with good quality. Erefore, a control strategy is required in each interconnected power system in order to maintain constancy of frequency and achieve zero steady state error of desired tie-line flows and to minimize ACEs. In the previous studies, proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is the most popular method applied to AGC. Erefore, in order to improve system performance when considering parameter uncertainty and load disturbances, Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering some techniques, such as fuzzy theory or optimization, were brought up to combine with conventional PID controller. Taking into account the size of the grid and regional characteristics, Mohamed et al [26] studied a decentralized model-predictive-based load frequency control method in an interconnected power system. Considering the predictive characteristic of MPC and its application in AGC, this paper focuses on the implementation method about how to deal with the influence of two-channel random delays and differences of time delays for AGC based on MPC.
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