Abstract
A reference frame formulation for steady state thermo-elasto-plastic processes is presented. The displacement and history dependent response fields appear as the primary variables in this mixed formulation. Unlike displacement based Lagrangian formulations, our formulation does not require a transient analysis to simulate a steady state process and yields results that are free of numerical oscillations and which require considerably less computational effort. And unlike velocity based Eulerian methods, our formulation does not require free surface corrections or streamline integration algorithms. A laser surface treatment process is simulated and our results are in agreement with those obtained from a computationally intensive transient Lagrangian analysis.
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