A Development of Collaborative Learning Process to Develop Sustainable Non-Smoking Behavior in Universities

Abstract

This research aimed to study health promotion and anti-smoking need in order to propose a model for learning and campaigning against cigarette smoking for students at Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, including 1) to study the attitudes and smoking behavior of students and propose a model for learning and campaigning against smoking for students at Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, and 2) to compare the similarities and differences in the development of a cigarette campaign model and present the application guidelines from the lessons learned at Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University. The sample group consisted of 120 first to fourth grade students of Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, divided into 60 controlled groups and 60 experimental groups. The researcher selected purposive sampling using student volunteers who participated in activities comprising 80 percent of the research process. The researcher managed a collaborative learning and enhancement process to develop an anti-smoking campaign in the university, including seven activities for experimental groups. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analyzed by percentage, mean (x), standard deviation (SD), t-test, and paired-t-test. In addition, qualitative data were collected by participant observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion and lessons learned by using after action review (AAR). Following all the activities, the data was analyzed and checked for quality by triangular method. The research found that: 1. For the media and learning process development, students had a need for health promotion and an anti-smoking campaign using knowledge media to provide knowledge about the harm of smoking and how to avoid and prevent it in universities. An effective learning process design must incorporate interesting topics and learning activities suitable for the target groups. 2. As far as the learning process with respect to attitude and smoking avoidance behavior was concerned, using the t-test to distinguish between the experimental and control groups, it was found that before the experiment, there was no difference, but following the experiment, there was a significant difference (t = 2.16, p = 0.03) at the significance level of 0.05. That is, t and control groups was found that withtthe experimental group had a mean score on knowledge of the harm of cigarette smoking (x = 4.61, SD = 0.26) significantly greater than that of the control group (x = 4.50, SD = 0.29). However, one month after the experiment, there was no difference. From the paired t-test, comparing the attitude and smoking avoidance behavior of students in the experimental group before and after the experiment, it was found that there was a significant difference (t = -2.41, p = 0.02). Average scores (x = 4.68, SD = 0.22) were higher than before the experiment (x = 4.59, SD = 0.25), but one month after the experiment there was no significant difference. For the control group, there was no significant difference before, during and one month after the experiment time. 3. With regard to the cigarette smoking knowledge campaign at university, it was found that the experimental group gained knowledge after participating in the collaborative learning and enhancement process to develop non-smoking practices at the university rather than before participating in the process. The experimental group paid attention to the form of activities and intended activities. The results show that after the collaborative learning process to develop a campaign for sustainable non-smoking behavior in universities, the learning process and the media should be directed to specific target groups. As regards both knowledge and behavior, group analysis should be conducted and continued support provided to maintain the project. 4. As for the development of learning format and cigarette campaign, it was found that there are three main internal factors namely, (i) creative media (ii) development of the learning process, and (iii) learning community. Further, four external factors were important including (a) preparing people to create people, (b) preparing knowledge to create knowledge, (c) development of an external network, and (d) organizing culture. All these are important aspects of the design of cigarette campaign to promote sustainable non-smoking behavior in universities. Keywords: Collaborative Learning Processes, Sustainable Non-Smoking University, Sustainable Non-Smoking Behavior