Abstract
An epiduroscopy is an effective minimally invasive surgery (MIS) used for chronic lumbago and lumbar disc herniation. As such an endoscopy is hard to learn high-level surgical skills, efficient surgical training method or system is required. Therefore, this paper proposed an epiduroscopy training simulator based on spatial cognition learning. The proposed training simulator provided four scenarios for catheter manipulation training, and it provides quantitative training results based on various measured data (completion time, number of violation and surgical instrument trajectory).
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