Abstract
In order to prevent, avoid or ameliorate the impact of disaster there are various solutions proposed by different international, national organizations, agencies and NGOs. These solutions established GIS as an indispensable tool to develop plans for tackling a disaster in a much better way. Geographic information systems enable efficient organisation of disaster dataset. Its visualization framework are capable to redraw the worst natural clematises that can be quarried and analyzed to produce results, helpful to save important human life and prevent infrastructure damages. Although there is a wide variety of simulation and modelling techniques, implementation strategies and customization options available in GIS, it is impossible to simulate and analyze rapidly changing 3D dynamic disaster phenomena within the current 2D GIS. The perceptions of decision makers tasked with dealing with a particular natural hazard are highly influenced by the manner in which the hazard is visualized. Disaster manager often use digital maps; using 3D graphical representation significantly reduces the cognition effort needed to interpret the situation and improves the efficiency of the decision making process. Automated 3D city modelling is yet an important topic of research, while semiautomatic and manual methods are well developed, applied and already tested for the acquisition of city wide geometry and facade databases. This paper tries to combine the analytical power of GIS in the synchronization with visualization capabilities of 3D Models and brought the most desirable 3D GIS technology for disaster management. This research paper proposes 3D GIS enable disaster management architecture to overcome the current limitations of both 2D GIS and 3D Models in simulating disasters. To respond disaster scenarios 3D GIS architecture cover all phases of 'disaster management life cycle'. Architecture is designed to serve for both the stakeholders and disaster managers for providing better, up to date options that depicts clear and valuable picture of disaster scenarios in all technical dimensions.
Highlights
GIS brought a new meaning to geography and its capability to integrate temporal and attribute information helps to explore fresh perspective and hidden meaning in geospatial dataset
Disasters are cyclical and by recognizing this, emergency managers, decision makers and planners matches the disaster life cycle with a series of phases that include strategies to mitigate the hazards, prepare for and respond to emergencies and to recover from their effects These four phases illustrated in Figure do not always, or even generally, occur in isolation or in this precise order, but instead are integrated with each other phase in a continual evolution
A unified three dimensional visual representation that combine spatial, temporal and attribute information for each and every object of interest and lets us question, analyse, interpret, understand, and simulate data in different ways that reveal hidden relationships, unusual patterns, activities and subtle trends in form of models, globes, maps, reports, and charts is known as 3D GIS. 3D GIS is an advanced technology that combines geospatial data with hardware and software that can analyze spatial, temporal and attribute data to produce important disaster related decision making information and this technology prove its vital role in modern emergency management
Summary
GIS brought a new meaning to geography and its capability to integrate temporal and attribute information helps to explore fresh perspective and hidden meaning in geospatial dataset. 3D GIS is an advanced technology that combines geospatial data with hardware and software that can analyze spatial, temporal and attribute data to produce important disaster related decision making information and this technology prove its vital role in modern emergency management To generate the three dimensional or spatiotemporal models from the collected data, data is to be pre-processed and information in three classes (Elevation, Image and feature) is rearranged. Updated facade with immediate disaster information together helps 3D GIS Engine to update already developed 3D model and visualize the impact of disaster at temporal basis. WMS (Web Map Service), WFS (Web Feature Service), and WCS (Web Coverage Service) are three web service standards from Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) These allow web clients to query and receive geographic information in the form of image, vector, or coverage data
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