A desalination plant with solar and wind energy

Synergistic Tandem Solar Electricity-Water Generators

Hydrogen farm concept: A Perspective for Turkey

Deep hybrid neural net (DHN-Net) for minute-level day-ahead solar and wind power forecast in a decarbonized power system

Energizing Comparative Environmental Politics and Comparative Political Economy

Simulated annealing-chaotic search algorithm based optimization of reverse osmosis hybrid desalination system driven by wind and solar energies

Hybrid biomass, solar and wind electricity generation in rural areas of Fez-Meknes region in Morocco considering water consumption of animals and anaerobic digester

Prospects of renewable energy – a feasibility study in the Australian context

In this chapter, we are focusing on the understanding of the basic characteristics of the Sun and the solar radiation, solar energy conversion, wind velocity, wind power, and wind energy conversion systems, the methods to estimate, analyze, and assess the solar or wind energy resource potential. The solar radiation has directional characteristics that are defined by a set of angles that determine the angle of incidence of the radiation on a surface. After completing this chapter, the readers are able to compute these angles and to estimate the available solar radiation incident on horizontal and tilted surfaces. Wind regime and wind characteristics are influenced by synoptic circulation, mesoscale dynamics, being strongly shaped by the local circulation, topography, and conditions. The most important characteristics of wind are its variability and intermittency on a broad range of spatiotemporal scales. The assessment of wind energy potential, design, or operation of wind energy conversion systems requires in-depth knowledge of wind regime and characteristics. In this chapter, we have also included those topics that are based on the extraterrestrial radiation and the geometry of the Earth and Sun. Knowledge about the effects of the atmosphere on the solar radiation, measurement techniques, direct, diffuse, and global radiation are also presented and discussed. Similar topics, such as wind velocity statistics, wind velocity measurements are included and discussed in this chapter. After successfully completing this chapter, the readers or students have a good understating, and become familiar with solar and wind energy system parameters, characteristics, principles of operation, performances, and estimation methods. They also are able to analyze and perform basic calculations and design of wind energy and/or solar energy conversion systems, estimates and assess wind or solar energy potential, select appropriate systems and/or components for a specific application.

The applicability of the ERA5 reanalysis for estimating wind and solar energy generation over the contiguous United States is evaluated using wind speed and irradiance variables from multiple observational data sets. After converting ERA5 and observed meteorological variables into wind power and solar power, comparisons demonstrate that significant errors in the ERA5 reanalysis exist that limit its direct applicability for a wind and solar energy analysis. Overall, ERA5-derived solar power is biased high, while ERA5-derived wind power is biased low. During winter, the ERA5-derived solar power is biased high by 23% on average, while on an annual basis, the ERA5-derived wind power is biased low by 20%. ERA5-derived solar power errors are found to have consistent characteristics across the contiguous United States. Errors for the shortest duration and most extreme solar negative anomaly events are relatively small in the ERA5 when completely overcast conditions occur in both the ERA5 and observations. However, longer-duration anomaly events on weekly to monthly timescales, which include partially cloudy days or a mix of cloudy and sunny days, have significant ERA5 errors. At 10 days duration, the ERA5-derived average solar power produced during the largest negative anomaly events is 62% greater than observed. The ERA5 wind speed and derived wind power negative biases are largely consistent across the central and northwestern U.S., and offshore, while the northeastern U.S. has an overall small net bias. For the ERA5-derived most extreme negative anomaly wind power events, at some sites at 10 days duration, the ERA5-derived wind power produced can be less than half of that observed. Corrections to ERA5 are derived using a quantile–quantile method for solar power and linear regression of wind speed for wind power. These methods are shown to avoid potential over-inflation of the reanalysis variability resulting from differences between point measurements and the temporally and spatially smoother reanalysis values. The corrections greatly reduce the ERA5 errors, including those for extreme events associated with wind and solar energy droughts, which will be most challenging for electric grid operation.

Multi-criteria decision making for different concentrated solar thermal power technologies

A Hybrid Electric and Thermal Solar Receiver

The paper presents the next generation of power energy systems using solar- and wind-energy systems for the country of Jordan. Presently with the oil prices are on the rise, the cost of electrical power production is very high. The opportunity of a large wind and solar hybrid power production is being explored. Sights are chosen to produce electricity using the wind in the Mountains in Northern Jordan and the sun in the Eastern Desert. It is found that the cost of windmill farm to produce 100 – 150 MW is US$290 million while solar power station to produce 100 MW costs US$560 million. The electrical power costs US$0.02/kWh for the wind power and US$0.077 for the solar power. The feasibility for using wind and solar energies is now when the price oil reaches US$ 100.00 per barrel. The paper also discusses different power electronics circuits and control methods to link the renewable energy to the national grid. This paper also looks at some of the modern power electronics converters and electrical generators which have improved significantly solar and wind energy technologies.

The paper presents the next generation of power energy systems using solar- and wind-energy systems for the country of Jordan. Presently with the oil prices are on the rise, the cost of electrical power production is very high. The opportunity of a large wind and solar hybrid power production is being explored. Sights are chosen to produce electricity using the wind in the Mountains in Northern Jordan and the sun in the Eastern Desert. It is found that the cost of windmill farm to produce 100 - 150 MW is US$290 million while solar power station to produce 100 MW costs US$560 million. The electrical power costs US$0.02/kWh for the wind power and US$0.077 for the solar power. The feasibility for using wind and solar energies is now when the price oil reaches US$ 100.00 per barrel. The paper also discusses different power electronics circuits and control methods to link the renewable energy to the national grid. This paper also looks at some of the modern power electronics converters and electrical generators, which have improved significantly solar and wind energy technologies.

Energy and environmental issues are among the most important problems of public concern. Wind and solar energy may be one of the alternative solutions to overcome energy shortage and to reduce greenhouse gaseous emission. Using electric cars in cities can significantly improve the air quality there. Through our analyses and modeling on the basis of the National Centers for Environment Prediction data we confirm that the amount of usable solar and wind energy far exceeds the world's total energy demand, considering the feasibility of the technology being used. Storing the surplus solar and wind energy and then releasing this surplus on demand is an important approach to maintaining uninterrupted solar‐ and wind‐generated electricity. This approach requires us to be aware of the available solar and wind energy in advance in order to manage their storage. Solar and wind energy depends on weather conditions and we know weather forecasting. This implies that solar and wind energy is predictable. In this article, we demonstrate how solar and wind energy can be forecasted. We provide a web tool that can be used by all to arrive at solar and wind energy amount at any location in the world. The tool is available at www.renewableenergyst.org. The website also provides additional information on renewable energy, which is useful to a wide range of audiences, including students, educators, and the general public.

Nowadays, the use of renewable energy has become increasingly significant, and cost-effective. Between all existing sources of energy, solar and wind energies are the highly exploited. However, solar and wind energies are not available all the time and their performance is affected by unpredictable weather changes, therefore, it is not always feasible to obtain an accurate mathematical model of the controlled system. Various mathematical modeling methods were used to predict wind and solar powers using natural parameters but considering multiple parameters in equations makes the solution more complex. In addition to complexity, some coefficients are uncertain and based on probability. Fuzzy logic is a perfect tool to model any kind of uncertainty related to vagueness. This chapter presents a computer algorithm based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) to estimate the wind and solar energies using natural factors. As input parameters, the wind speed was used to predict the wind power and the temperature and the lightening were used to estimate the solar power.