Abstract
Demand response (DR) and its advantages are nowadays unquestionable due to the success of several recent implementations of DR programs. Improved methodologies and approaches are needed for the adequate consumers’ schedule in DR events, taking the consumers’ behaviour and preferences into account. In this paper, a virtual power player manages DR programs, minimizing operation costs, respecting the consumption shifting constraints. The impact of the consumption shifting in the target periods is taken into consideration. The advantages of the DR use in comparison with distributed generation (DG) are evaluated. Two scenarios based on 218 consumers in a frame of 96 periods have been implemented. It is demonstrated the advantages of DR in the operation of distributed energy resources, namely when considering the lack of supply.
Highlights
The definition of demand response includes the changes in the consumption in response to variations in the electricity price, or to incentives applied in cases of high market prices or when the system reliability needs improvement [1]
Demand response is a very valuable resource for future power systems, which will be focused on renewables and other distributed resources
Demand response (DR) is able to improve and increase the accommodation of distributed energy resources based on renewables
Summary
The definition of demand response includes the changes in the consumption in response to variations in the electricity price, or to incentives applied in cases of high market prices or when the system reliability needs improvement [1]. It is necessary to consider all the resources providing demand response, including the small size ones in order to catch the full potential and competitiveness of flexible loads [5,6,7]. Virtual power players (VPPs) appeared in the new context of power systems operation, aggregating small size resources. A VPP can aggregate demand response and distributed generation (DG) resources, and manage the distribution network [6,11].
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