Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread worldwide, and the World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 pandemic, proclaiming that the entire world must overcome it together. The chest X-ray and computed tomography datasets of individuals with COVID-19 remain limited, which can cause lower performance of deep learning model. In this study, we developed a model for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by solving the classification problem using a self-supervised learning technique with a convolution attention module. Self-supervised learning using a U-shaped convolutional neural network model combined with a convolution block attention module (CBAM) using over 100,000 chest X-Ray images with structure similarity (SSIM) index captures image representations extremely well. The system we proposed consists of fine-tuning the weights of the encoder after a self-supervised learning pretext task, interpreting the chest X-ray representation in the encoder using convolutional layers, and diagnosing the chest X-ray image as the classification model. Additionally, considering the CBAM further improves the averaged accuracy of 98.6%, thereby outperforming the baseline model (97.8%) by 0.8%. The proposed model classifies the three classes of normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 extremely accurately, along with other metrics such as specificity and sensitivity that are similar to accuracy. The average area under the curve (AUC) is 0.994 in the COVID-19 class, indicating that our proposed model exhibits outstanding classification performance.
Highlights
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has appeared across the globe and has considerably damaged all forms of human activities worldwide
The results of the self-supervised learning pretext task and score-weighted class activation mapping (Score-CAM) [14] reveal that our study provides qualitative explanations, supported by high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as the quantitative metrics
In this paper we focused on the fact that COVID-19 is a disease affecting the lungs, the same as pneumonia
Summary
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has appeared across the globe and has considerably damaged all forms of human activities worldwide. As a species of the corona virus, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that appeared in 2002 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus that appeared in 2012, the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads in the form of a droplet infection. Its spread has had adverse effects on the economies and culture of humankind. The SARS-CoV-2 virus infected 6.18 million people in just six months from December 2019 across the globe, and it continues to spread. Because of the rate of spread, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 disease a pandemic on 11 March 2020, and the whole world has since been actively working to overcome this disease
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