A cross-sectional study of macular displacement after macular hole surgery with ILM peeling in patients with idiopathic macular hole.

Abstract

To examine the retinal displacement and change in mean superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ) after successful closure of macular hole (MH) with vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM) and gas tamponade. A total of 45 patients with idiopathic MH who underwent 23G pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling and tamponade with 20% SF6/14% C3F8 were included. Follow-up visits were performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. OCT and OCT-A scans were performed along with detailed ocular examination. Distance between optic disc and an easily identifiable vascular bifurcation nasal and temporal to fovea, FAZ, was noted. Chi-square test (categorical data) and Mann-Whitney U test and t tests for other parameters were performed for statistical analysis. The mean displacement (µm) of an easily identifiable vascular bifurcation in the nasal quadrant was 96.58 ± 36.55 at 8 weeks and in the temporal quadrant was 273.07 ± 85.51 at 8 weeks. The change was statistically significant in the temporal quadrant (P = <0.001). The mean BCVA changed from a minimum of 0.08 at the preoperative timepoint to a maximum of 0.23 at 8 weeks (P = <0.001). The mean FAZ area (mm²) decreased from a maximum of 0.37 at the preoperative timepoint to a minimum of 0.19 at 8 weeks (p = <0.001). The retina in the temporal quadrant is displaced significantly more than nasal quadrant after successful closure of macular hole. The mean superficial FAZ also decreases suggesting a centripetal movement of the foveal tissue postoperatively.