A critical review on the degradation mechanism of textile effluent during electrocatalytic oxidation: Removal optimization and degradation pathways

Abstract

Industrial effluents containing synthetic dyes are responsible for significant non–aesthetic pollution and health-risk issues due to their release into the water bodies. Removal of these pollutants via biological, traditional physicochemical, and some advanced oxidation techniques is regularly scarce, expensive, or ineffective. Therefore, a more effective and economical approach to the degradation of dyes has received much attention over the last decade. Inside this framework, electrochemical oxidation treatment has found a place where it can be a leading technology in the near future, particularly for the removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants. In this review, the recent advancements in the mechanism of electrochemical oxidation (EO) of dye were explained. Most of the favorable electrochemical tools used for the dye effluent treatment were described with the following objectives: (1) to describe the fundamental facts of the EO process; (2) to deliberate the effect of operating parameters on the treatment performance; (3) to critically evaluate the benefits of various categories of the active and non–active anodes; (4) to determine the usability of various categories of the anode materials towards the dye degradation, kinetics controlled and process proficiency determination; (5) to determine the degradation mechanism of various dyes. Scale-up, techno-economic issues, and future research challenges were also discussed to encourage the practical applications of technology.