Abstract
Water-borne emerging pollutants are among the greatest concern of our modern society. Many of these pollutants are categorized as endocrine disruptors due to their environmental toxicities. They are harmful to humans, aquatic animals, and plants, to the larger extent, destroying the ecosystem. Thus, effective environmental remediations of these pollutants became necessary. Among the various remediation techniques, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation have been single out as the most promising. This review is devoted to the compilations and analysis of the role of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites as potential materials for such applications. Emerging organic pollutants, like dyes, herbicides, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and perfluorinated alkyl substances, have been extensively studied. Important parameters that affect these processes, such as surface area, bandgap, percentage removal, equilibrium time, adsorption capacity, and recyclability, are documented. Finally, we paint the current scenario and challenges that need to be addressed for MOFs and their composites to be exploited for commercial applications.
Highlights
Emerging organic pollutants have received much concern due to their ubiquitous detection in various water spheres
metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been incorporated with other functional materials, such as metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles (MIL-101(Cr/Al)) [82,83], carbon quantum dots (CQDs/NH2 -MIL-125(Ti)) [84], graphene and graphene oxides, zeolite (ZIF-67@MIL-125-NH2 ) [85], (CNT@MIL-68(Al) [86], molecular imprinted materials e.g., polydopamine (PDA/Fe-MOF/RGO) [87], and ionic liquids, to form composites
MOF composites with other active materials, such as metal-oxide nanoparticles, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and graphene oxides (GO), have proven to be effective photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants
Summary
Zakariyya Uba Zango 1,2, * , Khairulazhar Jumbri 1, * , Nonni Soraya Sambudi 3 , Anita Ramli 1 , Noor Hana Hanif Abu Bakar 4 , Bahruddin Saad 1 , Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz Rozaini 1 , Hamza Ahmad Isiyaka 1 , Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba 5 , Osamah Aldaghri 6 and Abdelmoneim Sulieman 7.
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