Abstract
The application of nanomaterials in high-performance concrete (HPC) has been extensively studied worldwide due to their large surface areas, small particle sizes, filling effects, and macroquantum tunneling effects. The addition of nanomaterials in HPC has great contribution to enhancing the pore size of the cementitious matrix, improving the hydration of cement, and making the matrix much denser. In order to present an exhaustive insight into the feasibility of HPC reinforced with nanomaterials, the new development of HPC was summarized and the influence of different nanomaterials on the properties of HPC was reviewed based on more than 100 recent studies in this literature review. Workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength properties of HPC with nanomaterials were discussed in detail. In addition, nanomaterial-modified HPC was compared with the traditional concrete and obtained a lot of valuable results. The results in the present review indicate that the addition of various nanomaterials improves the mechanical properties of HPC, while reducing the workability of HPC. However, there is an optimal dosage of nanomaterial for improving the mechanical properties of HPC. Improving the properties of HPC by adding nanomaterials is expected to become a mainstream technique in the future. This literature review can provide comprehensive and systematic knowledge to researchers and engineers working on HPC and promote the application of this new HPC in modern civil engineering.
Highlights
Compared with masonry structure and wood structure, the development history of concrete structure is relatively short, but with the advantages of concrete materials such as high strength, high elastic modulus, good plasticity and workability, wide source of raw materials, convenient local materials, and convenient construction, concrete has been widely used in the world since the mid-19th century, and the development speed of concrete structure has rapidly increased, making it an irreplaceable and widely used material in engineering construction for a long period of time
Traditional concrete cannot meet these requirements. is issue led to the development of a new concrete technology, highstrength concrete (HSC), which can bear a load capacity of up to approximately 90 MPa [3]
high-performance concrete (HPC) is composed of more cementing materials, wellgraded aggregates, less water, and high-efficiency waterreducing agent to ensure excellent mechanical properties, durability, and stable working performance
Summary
Compared with masonry structure and wood structure, the development history of concrete structure is relatively short, but with the advantages of concrete materials such as high strength, high elastic modulus, good plasticity and workability, wide source of raw materials, convenient local materials, and convenient construction, concrete has been widely used in the world since the mid-19th century, and the development speed of concrete structure has rapidly increased, making it an irreplaceable and widely used material in engineering construction for a long period of time. Traditional materials and preparation methods of ordinary concrete are not available [9] Adding admixtures such as fly ash (FA), silica fume, slag powder, metakaolin, and other volcanic ashes to concrete [10, 11] is an effective way to achieve high performance [12,13,14]. Mixing these mineral powder active materials into HPC can enhance various properties of concrete. The main task of this paper is to summarize and review the latest progress of different nano particles in the research of normal concrete and HPC. e workability, compressive strength, and tensile strength of nanoparticles in HPC under single or mixed conditions are discussed
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