Abstract
Abstract A coupled residence time distribution (RTD) and mixed-order model was developed to simulate the performance of a pilot high rate algal pond (HRAP) for wastewater treatment under different operational conditions requiring simple influent and effluent wastewater characteristics as input data. The model showed potential in general assessment of the HRAP system performance, successfully capturing the magnitude as well as general trend of COD, TKN, TN and TP concentrations with acceptable accuracy (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) value up to 0.99). However, due to the common limitation of black box model type, the detailed agreement between model and experimental data was highly varied, sometime unsatisfactory performance (NSE
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