Abstract
A coupled AKNS–Kaup–Newell hierarchy of systems of soliton equations is proposed in terms of hereditary symmetry operators resulted from Hamiltonian pairs. Zero curvature representations and tri-Hamiltonian structures are established for all coupled AKNS–Kaup–Newell systems in the hierarchy. Therefore all systems have infinitely many commuting symmetries and conservation laws. Two reductions of the systems lead to the AKNS hierarchy and the Kaup–Newell hierarchy, and thus those two soliton hierarchies also possess tri-Hamiltonian structures.
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