Abstract
This paper presents a cost optimal model of electric vehicle taxi systems based on the cost of electric vehicle taxi companies, charging or battery swap stations, passengers’ time, and emission costs. Considering the requirement of meeting passengers’ travel demands, an electric taxi demand model using transportation elasticity is formulated to optimize the number of electric taxis. The electric taxi demand model constitutes the measure of electric taxis, the cruise range, the amount of charging or battery swap stations, and other related factors. Simultaneously, to meet the charging requirements of electric taxis, a layout optimal model of EVSE (electric vehicle supply equipment) is designed using a Voronoi polygon method aimed at the cost of charging or battery swap stations and the range cost for changing. Finally, these aforementioned models are mixed to calculate the scale of electric taxis, the allocation of vehicle models, the optimizing level, and the site distribution of charging or battery swap stations. The key findings include the following: (1) the cost of the BEV(battery electric vehicle) taxi system is lower in the charging model than in the battery swap model, (2) the cost of the PHEV taxi system is lower than the BEV taxi system in the charging model, (3) in the Tongzhou District of Beijing, five charging or battery swap stations required being found to meet the charging demands of 5557 BEVs in the charging model or 5316 BEVs in the battery swap model, (4) according to the passengers’ travel demands and traffic conditions in Tongzhou, the BEV’s cruise range ought to be 250 km and BEV’s battery capacity should be 42.5 kW, the price of PHEV should be under 24,000 RMB and the electric-powered cruise range needs to be under 100 km, the daily operating time of EVs is around 16 h and the daily operating range is controlled under 380 km, and (5) a carbon tax is suggested to be imposed on ICEVs but the price should be under 20 RMB per ton.
Highlights
With increasing support of national policy, the domestic electric taxi scale has been expanding
It is necessary to seek an optimization for electric taxi system design, which can meet passengers’ travel demands, reduce the operating cost of electric taxi system, and improve the utilization rate of charging facilities
Aimed at achieving the minimum total cost of electric vehicle taxi systems, and the realization of an optimal design model of electric vehicle taxi systems, this paper does not take into consideration the profit situations of vehicle taxis or the charging or battery swap stations
Summary
With increasing support of national policy, the domestic electric taxi scale has been expanding. Until October 2015, the total number of electric taxis has reached 7526 [1]. Several influential factors, such as methods of electric energy supply, charging time, and charging distance, must be considered, on electric taxis. These factors are closely related to passengers’ traveling needs, charging facilities layout, the scale of electric taxis, vehicle performance, etc., indicating that the electric taxi operating system is quite complex. It is necessary to seek an optimization for electric taxi system design, which can meet passengers’ travel demands, reduce the operating cost of electric taxi system, and improve the utilization rate of charging facilities
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