A convolutional neural network for bleeding detection in capsule endoscopy using real clinical data

Abstract

Background The goal of the present study was to develop a convolutional neural network for the detection of bleedings in capsule endoscopy videos using realistic clinical data from one single-centre. Methods Capsule endoscopy videos from all 133 patients (79 male, 54 female; meanage = 53.73 years, SDage = 26.13) who underwent capsule endoscopy at our institution between January 2014 and August 2018 were screened for pathology. All videos were screened for pathology by two independent capsule experts and confirmed findings were checked again by a third capsule expert. From these videos, 125 pathological findings (individual episodes of bleeding spanning a total of 5696 images) and 103 non-pathological findings (sections of normal mucosal tissue without pathologies spanning a total of 7420 images) were used to develop and validate a neural network (Inception V3) using transfer learning. Results The overall accuracy of the model for the detection of bleedings was 90.6% [95%CI: 89.4%–91.7%], with a sensitivity of 89.4% [95%CI: 87.6%–91.2%] and a specificity of 91.7% [95%CI: 90.1%–93.2%]. Conclusion Our results show that neural networks can detect bleedings in capsule endoscopy videos under realistic, clinical conditions with an accuracy of 90.6%, potentially reducing reading time per capsule and helping to improve diagnostic accuracy.