Abstract
The aim of this work was to design and build a control system to control the performance of the Pelton wheel and synchronous generator system at different upstream water flow and electrical load conditions. The turbine output power is determined by the upstream water flow and spear valve, whilst the generator output power is determined by the turbine output power and the electrical load. A spear valve is used to control the generator output power at different water and load conditions. An autotuning proportion integration (PI) arithmetic-based controller was built using a relay feedback tuning method. An on–off relay was used in the program in order to oscillate the system. The optimal PI gains can be estimated via the Ziegler–Nichols method. A fully open test was used to test the tuned PI gains. The performance of the original gains and the new tuned gains were discussed. A controller was used to maintain the frequency or voltage of the output power by automatic regulation of the turbine valve. The program could search for the maximum generation efficiency by entering the output current value of the generator into the program manually.
Highlights
With the increasing rate of hydropower installation all over the world, there are many potential energy sources with low water heads that can be used by small-scale hydropower (SHP) plants to generate electricity for domestic use [1]
Some basic design aspects of the micro-hydropower plant have been proposed in the literature [9,10,11]
Overview of the Control Section This section of the variable-speed hydropower scheme describes the design of a control system using LTahbiVsIsEeWctio(LnaobfotrhaetovrayriVabirlteu-sapl eInedstrhuymdreonptoEwnegrinsceheerimnge dWeoscrrkibbeens cthhe). dAessicghneomfaaticcodnitaroglrasymstoefmthe puosewwuthdseaeirtnspogguopeswLneraoedebrrdVatguotIeocEnperWeriworsad(astLuohtaecrobreiwsoflwrnsoahawtiotnoewrriFynnifglVoiounirwrrdFteueiig1nrau.ltorAoIernddws1etr.rraiAuvttemeowraeadtnattreutnivrkrEetbna(i3angn2iketnum.(e3rTeb2hrhiimneneaeggdh. eWe)Tnawhodeeirr)tkagwhbteioienntrnhetccrihnhaoet)uto.UhlrAdencUieosvxcnuehtilrrvdesameicterytsaxitetotirlycfaecocLdttfieraeLiicglceeeraicsaclttemrpesiroctoeawwrfl aesr whpiloewtherewtuhribleintehewtausrbrionteatwinags.rAotaretisnisgt.aAncreesloisatadnwcealsocaodnwneacstceodntnoetchteedetnodthoef ethnedgoefnthereagtoerneinraotordr einr to recoeridveertthoereelceecitvreictahlepeolewcterri.cal power
Summary
With the increasing rate of hydropower installation all over the world, there are many potential energy sources with low water heads that can be used by small-scale hydropower (SHP) plants to generate electricity for domestic use [1]. Earth will enter a three-to-five-year drought period starting in 2018, which will occur inland at higher latitudes and in coastal areas at lower latitudes [7]. Due to these changes in rainfall patterns, the supply of water to a hydropower plant may vary with time. The generator, driven by the turbine, operates at variable speed, and with varying voltage and frequency. Theelesectcroicnadl wgeansetroataopr p(slyimduiflafetirnegntduifpfestrreenatmlevfleolws sof(seilmecutrliactiitnygudsiafgfeer)ewnthwileatkeerelpeivnegl cthoendsyitsitoenms)awt haile keecponinsgtatnhtefrseyqsuteemncya.t Tthhee mseacxoinmduwmaseftfiocaiepnpclyy pdoifsfseirbelnet (uvpasrtyrienagmfrfeloqwuesn(csiym).ulating different water level conditions) while keeping the system at the maximum efficiency possible (varying frequency)
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