Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear fractional-order PI (NL-FO-PI) controller is proposed for primary frequency control (PFC) of a wind farm based on the squirrel cage induction generator. The new structure composites a fractional-order operator and nonlinear function to achieve better control performance for the PFC system. The benchmarking process is demonstrated by investigating the performance of fractional-order PI (FO-PI) and nonlinear PI (NL-PI) controllers. Initially, the controller is applied to a single-area power system for design and stability study and then extended to the two-area interconnected wind farm to validate the applicability in the more realistic power system. The proposed control method ensures the balance of power and keeps the system frequency within a suitable range. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed NL-FO-PI controller provides less percentage overshoot, settling time, rise time, and peak time than other controllers.
Highlights
In modern power network stabilization, the amount of power generated and that consumed must always be balanced. e imbalance between the load and the power generation leads to system instability. erefore, the power system should have enough power reserve to support the imbalance of power and maintain the power system stability [1, 2]. e frequency stability is affected by the electric vehicles [3]
Controller should be replaced by the fractional-order operator to obtain a robust structure of the NL-fractional-order PI (FO-PI) controller with the superior performance. e superiority is reached using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine the optimal value of the fractionalorder operator defined in reference [46]
Using the wind farm system (Figure 1) connected into the two areas’ power system (Figure 2), simulation results are carried out in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NL-FO-PI controller performance compared to that given by the conventional FO-PI and nonlinear PI (NL-PI) controllers, which are validated experimentally in the literature [43,44,45]
Summary
Erefore, the power system should have enough power reserve to support the imbalance of power and maintain the power system stability [1, 2]. Erefore, large-scale wind energy conversion systems are required to provide primary frequency control (PFC) [2, 5, 6]. E main objective of PFC is to keep the frequency within the specified limits required by several grid operators [7]. To achieve the PFC objectives, the wind turbines must have a sufficient reserve of kinetic energy stored in the rotating mass of their blades or using a storage system [8]. E nonlinearities of the power systems [11] in LFC include the frequency dead band and rate constraint of the generator, which required robust nonlinear control and advanced control systems In the study by Cherkaoui et al [2], the PI-Fuzzy-PI was implemented for best response compared to linear control. e nonlinearities of the power systems [11] in LFC include the frequency dead band and rate constraint of the generator, which required robust nonlinear control and advanced control systems
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