Typical Takagi–Sugeno PI and PD fuzzy controllers: analytical structures and stability analysis

Abstract

In the first part of this paper, we investigate explicit structure of the typical Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy PI and PD controllers. By typical, we mean the use of at least three trapezoidal or triangular input fuzzy sets for each input variable, fuzzy rules with linear consequent, Zadeh fuzzy logic AND operator and the centroid defuzzifier. This configuration covers many TS fuzzy controllers in the literature. We mathematically prove these fuzzy controllers to be nonlinear PI (or PD) controllers with proportional-gain and integral-gain (or derivative-gain) changing with output of the controlled system. We reveal these fuzzy controllers to be inherently nonlinear gain scheduling PI (or PD) controllers with different variable gains in different regions of input space. The gains constantly change even in the same region, and switch continuously and smoothly between adjacent regions. The explicit structural expressions of the fuzzy controllers are derived and their characteristics, including the bounds and geometrical shape of the gain variation, are studied. In the second part of the paper, we apply the Small Gain Theorem to the derived structures of the fuzzy controllers and establish a sufficient global BIBO stability criterion for nonlinear systems controlled by the fuzzy controllers. Local stability is also examined.