Abstract
This study extends a recurrent reinforcement portfolio allocation and rebalancing management system with complex portfolio constraints using particle swarm algorithms. In particular, we propose to use a combination of recurrent reinforcement learning (RRL) and particle swarm algorithm (PSO) with Calmar ratio for both asset allocation and constraint optimization. Using S&P100 index stocks, we show such a system with a Calmar ratio based objective function yields a better efficient frontier than the Sharpe ratio and mean-variance based portfolios. By comparing with multiple PSO based long only constrained portfolios, we propose an optimal portfolio trading system that is capable of generating both long and short signals and handling the common portfolio constraints. We further develop an adaptive RRL-PSO portfolio rebalancing decision system with a market condition stop-loss retraining mechanism, and we show that the proposed portfolio trading system outperforms the benchmarks consistently especially under high transaction cost conditions.
Published Version
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