A Confucian approach to a democratic classroom

Abstract

This article delineates a Confucian approach to a democratic classroom by drawing upon the educational thought of third-century philosopher Xunzi. It is argued that Xunzi’s approach is generally compatible with the three salient features of a democratic classroom: (i) it is a way of life guided by the principles of equality, freedom, justice, and cooperation; (ii) it comprises a community of learners who are bounded by close ties and shared interests; and (iii) it provides a caring learning space that promotes openness and reflection. However, Xunzi does not conceive a democratic classroom as a means to equip students for participation in political democracy. His educational views are also not premised on the notion of liberal individualism. Rather, Xunzi adheres to a communitarian worldview where an individual’s identity, conduct, and commitments are necessarily situated within a community, and guided by yi (rightness). Furthermore, he rejects unfettered freedom for learners by balancing student choice with textual transmission and teacher guidance.