A Configural Theory of Person-Environment Fit Through the Lens of Collectivism

Abstract

ABSTRACT Fit with multiple layers of the organizational environment is essential for the effective functioning of employees. However, our knowledge of complex co-influences of multiple person-environment (p-E) fit types on work outcomes remains mostly theoretical. Drawing on sensemaking theory and collectivistic cultural frameworks, this study develops a configural theory of p-E fit. We then apply a fuzzy set approach to empirically demonstrate that work attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are a function of (a) employees’ holistic perceptions of p-E fit instead of independent fit dimensions; and (b) configurations consisting of multi-fit perceptions are formed in response to a confluence of both in-group and institutional collectivism. We also show that p-E fit perceptions are characterized by equifinality (i.e. multiple solutions exist for each work attitude). Our study not only applies a cultural lens to examine multi-fit models but also highlights the importance of fine-tuning complex collectivistic influences.