Abstract
The conceptual design of smart crash energy absorber made of Vacuum Packed Particles (VPP) is presented in this work. This structure is composed of granular material inside a plastomer sleeve. The absorber can change the flexural stiffness and as a result the amount of dissipated energy depending on the impact conditions. The special properties of the granular structure create the possibility of various applications as different working modes can be used. When the pressure inside is equal or higher than atmospheric pressure the system behaves similarly to a liquid, otherwise it has properties similar to viscoplastic solid. The physical properties of the structure may be rapidly changed by adjusting the pressure inside the system. Due to these properties Vacuum Packed Particles is considered to be a smart material.
Highlights
The topic of controllable materials and structures, so-called "intelligent materials" or "smart structures," has been thoroughly studied over the last years, focusing on mechanical or electrical characteristics which are easy to change during the operation of the system
The absorber is made of granular material closed in plastomer sleeve, which was in detail described in [10, 11]
In this work the new concept of the impact energy absorber made of Vacuum Packed Particles was presented
Summary
The topic of controllable materials and structures, so-called "intelligent materials" or "smart structures," has been thoroughly studied over the last years, focusing on mechanical or electrical characteristics which are easy to change during the operation of the system. A VPP typically behaves as a plastic material at the atmospheric pressure and as a solid when the underpressure is greater They feature typical properties of a solid, such as tensile or compressive and shear strengths, damping capacity, internal "intergranular" friction and the ability to absorb energy under impact. It is of importance to note that all the physical and mechanical or rheological changes induced by the underpressure are fully reversible upon restoring atmospheric pressure Such a material can almost instantaneously, only depending on the rate of the vacuum pump, be solidified and plasticized by supplying and removing air. The absorber is made of granular material closed in plastomer sleeve, which was in detail described in [10, 11] This structure allows to regulate the mechanical properties of the material by changing the vacuum value inside the sleeve
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