Abstract
In this paper, a novel approach to specify application-specific requirements for 3D City Models is proposed. A modular set of geometric and semantic requirements that are based on the OGC CityGML Quality Interoperability Experiment (Coors and Wagner in Fernerkundung und Geoinformation eV 24:288–295, 2015) has been specified. Depending on the purpose of the model, not all requirements are mandatory. For example, if the model is used for visualization only, solid geometry is not required. However, if the same model should be used for analytic purpose such as heating demand simulation, solid geometry is mandatory. A formal definition of a validation plan is proposed in this paper to specify the application-specific set of requirements. This gives the city model manufacturers the possibility to provide proof that their model is usable in certain applications and can certify a certain level of quality. The concept is evaluated with the definition of a validation plan for heating demand simulation. It has been successfully implemented using the Software CityDoctor and SimStadt.
Highlights
The digital transformation process of cities has become visible through the concept of a “Smart City”
Wagner et al (2013a, b) take into account geometry, and include some semantics such as BoundarySurface into the validation process. Both approaches have laid the foundations for the OGC CityGML Quality Interoperability Experiment (QIE) to define a unified method for the validation of 3D City Models (Coors and Wagner 2015)
Definition 10 The set W = {S0, S1, ..., Sn}, n ≥ 4 of polygons is a solid geometry if: I The intersection of two polygons Sa ∈ W defined as a set of planar linear rings Sa = {Ra0, Ra1, ..., Ran}, Sa ≠ and Sb ∈ W defined as a set of planar linear rings Sb = {Rb0, Rb1, ..., Rbm}, Sb ≠ is either empty or contains only a set of points Q ≠ ∅ and a set of edges E ≠ ∅ that are part of both sets of linear rings: sa
Summary
The digital transformation process of cities has become visible through the concept of a “Smart City”. Forecasting the future energy demand for heating and cooling for buildings at district level and beyond is essential for the development of climate protection strategies for municipalities world wide This requires methods to simulate the impact of future developments such as refurbishment of buildings and reliable data of the existing building stock. As the heating and cooling demand of a building depends on the volume, this will lead to wrong simulation results. A general methodology to define application-specific requirements to a 3D City Model is proposed. 5. A general methodology to validate 3D City Models is introduced, with a focus on geometry validation in Sect.
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