Abstract
The structure and energetics of ledge pairs (atomic steps) in surfaces $$ (0001),\,(10\bar 10),\,(1\bar 210) $$ of hcp Zr and Ti are studied by computer simulation using embedded-atom-type interatomic potentials. The configurations considered are the face-to-face, back-to-back, sequential, and double, according to their cross-sectional view. Ledge and kink formation and interaction energies are obtained. Vacancies and adatoms are introduced to study their formation and migration energies in interaction with the ledges. But for one case (surface $$ (10\bar 10) $$ ) it is found that ledges are preferred sites for vacancy and adatom formation; also, their overall effect on diffusion is predicted to be small. The results indicate that the effect of ledges can be neglected beyond a few atomic distances.
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