A Computational Investigation of the Characteristics of Velocity Slips and Convective Boundary Conditions in Maxwell Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Stretching Surface with Activation Energy

Abstract

In this study, we analyze the effects of velocity slips and convective boundary conditions in the flow and heat transfer of Maxwell nanofluid across a stretching sheet considering magnetic field, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and activation energy. The influence of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are considered using Buongiorno’s nanofluid model. By applying suitable similarity variables, the governing Maxwell nanofluid flow equations, which include the momentum, energy, and nanoparticle volume fraction are simplified to nonlinear differential equations. MATLAB’s bvp4c finite difference tool is used to solve the nondimensionalized differential equations. In order to illustrate the influence of physical factors on velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction, the numerical solutions are shown graphically. In addition, the skin friction, rate of heat transmission, and mass transfer are all given physical interpretations. The current analysis demonstrates that the velocity slip and suction parameters significantly reduce the velocity. Increased thermal radiation and Biot number for temperature raise the temperature profile. Further, the activation energy and thermophoresis factors lead to a decrease in the mass transfer rate, while the Lewis number and Biot number due to concentration contribute to an increase.