Abstract
A top-blowing lance suitable for oxygen and/or reagent injection in electric furnaces and BOF steelmaking vessels has been developed and tested. As the lance is based on heat pipe technology, it can withstand very large heat fluxes in excess of 1 MW/m 2 without resorting to water cooling. Moreover, a mathematical model depicting the steady state operation of this heat pipe lance has been formulated and coded in Fortran as a user-friendly, PC-based software package. The present paper describes the mathematical formulation for the heat pipe lance and the ensuing software that has been developed
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